Facts
In 1994, Callixte Mbarushimana was head of IT at the UNDP in Kigali, Rwanda.
He was accused of having provided the Rwandan armed forces and the Interahamwe (the youth organization of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development) with material from the UNDP and a list of Tutsis to kill. He was also accused of having himself participated in some massacres.
Procedure
In 2003, Callixte Mbarushimana obtained refugee status in France, where he settled.
In 2008, the Collectif des parties civiles pour le Rwanda (CPCR) filed a complaint against Callixte Mbarushimana for his alleged role in the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda.
The same year, an investigation was launched by the French specialized unit for the prosecution of international crimes (PNAT).
In 2010, Callixte Mbarushimana was charged while under investigation (mis en examen) for crimes against humanity and complicity in those crimes.
In October 2010, the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) was admitted as a civil party.
On 28 September 2010, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued a sealed arrest warrant against Callixte Mbarushimana for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against civilians in 2009 in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, when he was Executive Secretary of the Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR). Callixte Mbarushimana was arrested in France on 30 September 2010 and transferred to the ICC.
In 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the ICC declined to confirm the charges against Callixte Mbarushimana and did not commit the case to trial.
Between 2013 and 2017, the French investigators travelled several times to Rwanda to collect evidence.
On 1 October 2024, the PNAT closed the investigation and dismissed the charges against Callixte Mbarushimana for lack of evidence.
The CPCR and FIDH appealed this decision.
On 21 May 2025, the Court of Appeal ruled in favor of the civil parties, asking for the judicial investigation to be reopened.